The concept of personal jurisdiction has often be an interesting conundrum for those who wish to litigate. It is a highly complicated and technical concept of civil procedure; one we spent months on in law school. In a nutshell, a court must have the power to “reach” the person being sued. Each state has different rules, and the federal courts have other rules, but much of this comes down to the defendant’s “contacts” with the place where the court is located, usually a state. So if I have never set foot in, nor “purposefully availed myself of the benefits of” a location, say Nome Alaska for example, how could I be forced to travel there to defend myself against a lawsuit?
The Internet, with global reach, is likely available in Nome. So, if my website sells a widget for $1.50 to a person in Nome, and the widget causes damage to that person, is that enough for me to have to pack a bag and head for Nome to defend the 3 million dollar lawsuit filed against me? Maybe. Like much of the law, it comes down to many tiny little points that may or may not seem important to normal business people, but mean the world to the judge making the decision. No one can tell for certain what is going on in that judge’s mind, or what facets of high extremely complicated body of law and civil procedure she is going to choose to make her decision.
Although trademark law is not the same as Internet law, regardless of how domain names are handled, watching how some of the jurisdictional issues are decided can provide a bit of insight into how a particular federal circuit might rule in similar cases. National trademarks, like the Internet, reach across jurisdictions. So, if I violate a national trademark, and the trademark holder wishes to sue me in the forum most convenient for them, have I consented to that jurisdiction merely by infringing the mark anywhere in the United States? Have I “purposefully availed myself” of that forum? This court says “not so fast…”
Zero Motorcycles, Inc. v. Pirelli Tyre S.p.A., 802 F.Supp.2d
1078 (N.D. Cal. 2011)
Zero filed for declaratory relief against Pirelli seeking to
protect its use of ZERO and ZERO-formative marks. Zero makes electric motorcycles under the
ZERO MOTORCYCLES mark in many foreign countries, since 2007. It has US registrations for ZERO on electric
vehicles, namely motorcycles, as well as ZERO MOTORCYLES, ZERO DS, ZERO S, ZERO
SS, ZERO X and ZERO MX. Pirelli makes various products, including tires for
vehicles, and owns a number of trademarks which incorporate the ZERO mark. (There are a number of Pirelli companies; the
one that conducts business in California is Pirelli Tire LLC.)
[From Attacking national company's TMs doesn't create personal jurisdiction in California]